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Cloning is the process where there is creation of an identical copy of an original. In a biological sense, a clone is a single cell or multi-cellular organism. This is genetically identical to another living organism. This is sometimes also refered to as natural clones. They are made when an organism reproduces asexually. This could also happen when two genetically identical organisims or individuals are produced by accident

What is cloning?

The term clone is taken from ????, the Greek word for "twig".

Cloning means to derive a population of cells from a single cell. This is important in vitro procedure. It happens when you desirre the expansion of a single cell with certain characteristics. Most individuals started as a single cell. They are therefore the result of clonal expansion in vivo.

Cloning means to create a new organism having the same genetic information like a cell from an existing organism. Cloning is an asexual method of reproduction. Here fertilization or inter-gamete contact does not happen. In the modern context, cloning can involve somatic cell nuclear transfer. Here a cell of the organism has to be cloned. This is done along with its nucleus containing the DNA. It is then transferred into an egg cell where the nucleus has been removed. Since the nucleus has almost all the genetic information of a life, the host egg cell will develop into an organism. This organism will have a genetically identical nuclear DNA similar to that of the nucleus donor. Also mutations occur with every cell division. No two cells in an individual are identical. The nuclear transfer clones from various maternal lineages are not clones in a true sense. This is because the mitochondrial genome is not the same as that of the nucleus donor cell. This could have an important implication for cross-species nuclear transfer. Here nuclear-mitochondrial incompatibilities could lead to inviability.

Human cloning

Winning aging with cloning has become a phenomenon now. Human cloning is nothing but creation of a genetically identical copy of an existing or previously existing human. It could also be growing cloned tissue from that individual. The term cloning is used to refer to artificial human cloning. These are human clones which are in the form of identical twins.

Although the genes are known to be as influencing behavior and cognition, genetically identical does not imply this. No one would deny that identical twins are separate people. They have separate experiences and they are not altogether overlapping personalities. The relationship between an original and a clone is like that between identical twins raised apart. They share all the same DNA. The purpose of human cloning can be explained the best by referring to two kinds of cloning. Both of them would normally use the somatic cell nuclear transfer technique. These techniques are commonly referred to as "reproductive cloning" and "therapeutic cloning”.